Staying safe in extreme cold as the temperatures drop

Stay alert to changing winter weather

Canadian winters can shift rapidly, and extreme cold may arrive with little warning. Build a habit of checking daily forecasts, especially the wind chill, which can intensify risks even when air temperatures appear manageable.

Reliable sources include:

• The Weather Network
• The WeatherCAN app
• Environment Canada

These tools can help you plan ahead and avoid being caught off guard by sudden cold snaps.

Dress wisely for extreme cold

Cold exposure can quickly become hazardous. The right clothing helps prevent frostbite, hypothermia, and other cold‑related health issues.

• Layer your clothing by using moisture‑wicking base layers, add insulation, and finish with a wind‑ and water‑resistant outer layer.
• Cover exposed skin to avoid frostbite, which can occur within minutes in severe cold. Protect your ears, nose, cheeks, fingers, and toes with insulated gear. Cover your mouth with a scarf to warm the air before you breathe it in.
• Stay dry as moisture reduces your body temperature rapidly. If you’re active outside, change damp layers as soon as possible.
• Check on vulnerable people like children and older adults are more sensitive to temperature extremes. Ensure they are properly bundled.
• Wear proper footwear by choose insulated, waterproof boots with slip‑resistant soles to help prevent both cold injuries and falls.

Outdoor activity tips

While physical activity produces body heat, extreme cold still places stress on your heart and lungs.

• Avoid overexertion.
• Warm up before shovelling and take regular breaks.
• Use caution on icy sidewalks, steps, and driveways.
• Avoid strenuous activities during severe cold, as they can strain your heart.
• Keep your phone fully charged before heading out, it could be vital in an emergency.

Recognizing cold‑related health risks

Frostbite
Look for numbness, white or yellowish skin, and a hard or waxy texture. Severe frostbite can cause nerve damage and, in extreme cases, lead to amputation.

Hypothermia

This occurs when body temperature drops too low. Watch for shivering, confusion, slurred speech, and loss of coordination. Seek medical attention immediately if these symptoms appear.

Heart attack risk

Cold temperatures reduce blood circulation and increase heart strain. Individuals with cardiovascular conditions should speak with their doctor about winter safety. Seek urgent care for chest pain, shortness of breath, or weakness.

A safer winter starts with preparation

Winter is part of life in Canada, but respecting its unpredictability can help you enjoy the season safely. With the right preparation and awareness, you can protect yourself and others from the dangers of extreme cold.

For more winter safety information, visit:

• Environment Canada – Wind chill and cold weather page
• Canadian Red Cross – Staying warm and safe in Canadian winters

Tags

• Emergency and Preparedness
• Public Safety
• Weather Conditions and Warnings